Children at Work- Class 8 supplementary reader

Children at Work

Question 1: Velu stood on the platform but he felt “as if he was still on a moving train”. Why?

Answer: Sometimes long distance travel causes motion sickness. After the end of the journey one gets a sense the body is still shaking as if on a moving vehicle. That is what seems to have happened to Velu.

Question 2: What made him feel miserable?

Answer: Velu was in an unfamiliar place. He was hungry and was penniless. He did not know where to go from there. He was not sure what future lay in store for him. That is why he felt miserable.

Question 3: Velu travelled without a ticket. Why?

Answer: Velu ran away from his home. He was not having money to buy a ticket. So, he traveled without ticket.

Question 4: How did he escape the ticket collector’s attention?

Answer: Probably Velu’s luck was with him. The ticket collector never came to the compartment he was traveling in.

Question 5: Why had Velu run away from home?

Answer: Velu’s father used to snatch whatever money used to be with him to buy hooch. His father used to beat him as well. Velu was fed up of this continuous torture. To escape his father’s wrath he ran away from home.

Question 6: Why did he decide to follow the ‘strange’ girl?

Answer: The ‘strange’ girl was the only ray of light for Velu. There was no other option. So, he decided to follow the ‘strange’ girl.

Question 7: Can Velu read Tamil and English? How do you know?

Answer: The fact that Velu was unable to comprehend anything from hoardings in English indicates that he could not read English. He could read ‘Central Jail” written in Tamil. This shows that he knew to read Tamil.

Question 8: “If you are not careful, you will soon be counting bars there,” the girl said.

• What is she referring to?
• What does she mean when she says “If you are not careful...”?

Answer: The police in India follow strange practice of putting unsuspecting and innocent poor people behind bars. The girl was referring to this practice. Once impressionable kids fall in police’s net the ambience of jail has every potential to make hardened criminals out of them.

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Question 9: Where did the girl lead Velu to? What did they get to eat?

Answer: The girl led Velu to a place where a marriage ceremony was being held. They went to the garbage pile to dig some edibles from there. They got some vada and banana to eat. It is normal practice for poor children in cities to search for leftover food from garbage heaps.

Question 10: What work did she do? Think of a one-word answer.

Answer: Ragpicker

Question 11: What material are the ‘strange’ huts made out of? Why does Velu find them strange?

Answer: The huts were made of plastic, old tyres and tins. Velu was from a village. All his life he had seen huts made of mud and thatched roofs. For him it was surprising to see a house made of discarded material.

This happens in all slums around the world. People migrating from village for better prospects find petty jobs which is not enough to sustain them. Majority of them sleep on roadsides. More lucky ones get some resources to build makeshift houses which are built of every conceivable material.

Question 12: What sort of things did Jaya and children like her collect and what did they do with those things?

Answer: Jaya used to collect garbage. These types of children sell them to dealers who in turn sell them to factories for recycling. Especially, in countries like India and China this is a big industry. In some way it helps in saving our environment as well, because recycling helps reuse of the waste product.

Question 13: Is Velu happy or unhappy to find work? Give a reason for your answer.

Answer: Velu never thought of doing the dirty work of rag-picking when he left his village. But the harsh reality forced him to do so. The fact that he is planning to switch over to a better job indicates that he is not happy at all.

Glimpses of the past CLASS VIII

Who is an artisan? Why do you think the thumbs of expert artisans were chopped off?

An artisan is a person who is skilled in an applied art; a craftsman. The expert artisans of India worked so well that there was no parallel to their creation. The British feared that the goods which they were importing from their country to sell in India would not stand competition in quality with the goods produced by these expert Indian artisans. So to make them incapable of doing their work the British used to chop off the thumbs of artisans.  

Do you think the Indian princes were short-sighted in their approach to the events of 1757?

Indian princes were indeed short-sighted in their approach to the events of 1757. They fought against each other and sought the help of the British. They could not see that this will eventually make the British most powerful. This happened and they had to suffer for their short-sightedness.

How did the East India Company subdued the Indian princes?
Indian princes were divided and fought one another. Very often they sought the help of East India Company to do so. As a result they became weak. By this divide and rule policy the Company subdued them all one by one.

In what ways did the British officers exploit Indians?

The British exploited Indians in several ways. They passed a resolution according to which an Indian could be jailed without trial in a court. British goods were imported in India tax-free. The English prospered on the company’s loot while the Indian industries began to die. Even the British Governor-General Bentinck reported to England, “The bones of cotton weavers are bleaching the plains of India.”

The Lake Isle of Innisfree -Summary

SUMMARY-The Lake of Innisfree by William Butler Yeats

This poem by William Butler Yeats is about his longing for the peace and tranquility of Innnisfree, a place where he spent a lot of time as a boy. It is a description of the beauty of  the Lake of Innisfree. The natural beauty charms the poet greatly. He describes the natural scene of The Lake of Innisfree beautifully. He used to spend more time in that natural place. He longs or wishes to spend sometime in the natural lap of The Lake of Innisfree.
The twelve-line poem is divided into three quatrains and is an example of Yeats’s earlier lyric poems. Throughout the three short quatrains the poem explores the speaker’s longing for the peace and tranquility of Innisfree while residing in an urban setting. The speaker in this poem yearns to return to the island of Innisfree because of the peace and quiet it affords. He can escape the noise of the city and be lulled by the "lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore." On this small island, he can return to nature by growing beans and having bee hives, by enjoying the "purple glow" of noon, the sounds of birds' wings, and, of course, the bees. He can even build a cabin and stay on the island.
This poem creates an interest among the readers to adopt the nature in their lives and to live life in natural environment. The poet wants to build a small cabin of clays and fence in the lake Isle of Innisfree. He wants to have nine bean rows and a hive for the honeybee. He will live alone in the glade full of bees’ sound and there will be peace all round, the singing of cricket, glimmer of midnight, purple glow all over the place at noon and song of the flying linnet in evenings will charm and inspire him live in a natural place. He will spend some precious time in the lap of beautiful nature.

The Best Christmas Present in the World

The Best Christmas Present in the World

Q1-What did the author find in a junk shop?

Answer-

The author found a very old 19th century roll-top desk in a junk shop. It was made of oak. It was in a very bad condition. The roll-top was broken into several pieces. One of the legs was clumsily mended and there were scorch marks down one side.
Q2-What did he find in a secret drawer? Who do you think had put it in there?

Answer

In a secret drawer of a roll-top desk, the author found a small tin box. There was a piece of lined note paper sello-taped to its top. It had, ‘Jim’s last letter, received January 25, 1915. To be buried with me when the time comes” written on it.
Most likely, it was put there by Mrs. Jim Macpherson, who was Jim’s wife. Her name and address were on the envelope inside the box.
Q3-Who had written the letter, to whom, and when?

Answer

Jim Macpherson had written the letter to his wife Connie Macpherson on December 26, 1914.

Q4-Why was the letter written-what was the wonderful thing that had happened?

Answer

Jim wrote the letter to tell his wife about a wonderful thing that had happened on Christmas day. The British and the Germans were engaged in a war, yet on this day, both the troops met in no man's land. It was a thing of wonder because right in the middle of a war, the warring soldiers were making peace.
Q5-What jobs did Hans Wolf and Jim Macpherson have when they were not soldiers?

Answer

Hans Wolf was from Dusseldorf. He played the cello in the orchestra. Jim Macpherson was a school teacher from Dorset.
Q6-Had Hans Wolf even been to Dorset? Why did he say he knew it?

Answer

No, Hans Wolf had never been to Dorset. He had learned all about England from school and from reading books in English.

Q7-Do you think Jim Macpherson came back from the war? How do you know this?

Answer

No, it is most likely that Jim Macpherson did not come back from the war.

In the sellotaped notepaper it was written that the letter was Jim’s last letter. Connie Macpherson did not receive any more letters from him. It indicates Jim Macpherson’s demise. The incident took place around the earlier part of the World war I in which the Germans had been victorious which implies the defeat of the British and the demise of Jim Macpherson. 

Q8-Why did the author go to Bridport?

Answer

The author went to Bridport because that was the address where Mrs. Macpherson lived. The address on the letter read “Mrs Jim Macpherson, 12 Copper Beeches, Bridport, and Dorset. He wanted to give that letter back to her.

Q9-How old was Mrs. Macpherson now? Where was she?

Answer

Mrs. Macpherson was a hundred and one year old. She was in a nursing home in Burlington house, on the Dorchester road, on the other side of town.
Q10-Who did Connie Macpherson think her visitor was?

Answer

Connie Macpherson thought that her visitor was her husband, Jim.

CHAPTER -TSUNAMI CLASS 8 CBSE

1.      What is a Tsunami?

Answer-Tsunamis are giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea. the waves travel inland, to build up higher and higher heights as the depth of the ocean decreases. The speed of tsunami waves depends on ocean depth.

2.      Why did Ignesious give priority to taking his television set off the table?

Answer- When the wife of Ignesious felt an earthquake, she woke Ignesious up. Ignesious thought it just to be a common earthquake and he decided to protect his costly household appliances. He carefully took his television set off its table and put it down on the ground so that it would not fall and break.

3.      When the tremor stopped what did the family members of Ignesious do?

Answer- When the tremors stopped, they saw the sea rising. In the chaos and confusion, two of his children caught hold of the hands of their mother’s father and mother’s brother, and rushed in the opposite direction. He never saw them again. His wife was also swept away. Only the three other children who came with him were saved.

4.      Who was Sanjeev and how did Sanjeev sacrifice his life?

Answer- Sanjeev was a policeman, serving in the Katchall Island of the Nicobar group of islands. He somehow managed to save himself, his wife and his baby daughter from the waves. But then he heard cries for help from the wife of

John, the guesthouse cook. Sanjeev jumped into the water to rescue her, but they were both swept away.

5.      How was Meghna saved in the Tsunami?

Answer- Thirteen year-old Meghna was swept away along with her parents and seventy-seven other people. She spent two days floating in the sea, holding on to a wooden door. Eleven times she saw relief helicopters overhead, but they did not see her. She was brought to the shore by a wave, and was found walking on the seashore in a daze.

6.      Introduce us with Almas Javed and her family.

Answer- Almas Javed was ten years old. She was a student of Carmel Convent in Port Blair where her father had a petrol pump. Her mother Rahila’s home was in

Nancowry Island. The family had gone there to celebrate Christmas.

7.       When Almas’s father felt the earthquake what did he do?

Answer- When the tremors came early in the morning, the family was sleeping. Almas’s father saw the sea water recede. He understood that the water would come rushing back with great force. He woke everyone up and tried to rush them to a safer place.

8.      How was Almas’s family killed in the Tsunami?

Ans- When the earthquake woke Almas’s father , he tried to rush the family members  to a safer place. As they ran, Almas’s grandfather was hit on the head by something and he fell down. Almas’s father rushed to help him. Then came the first giant wave that swept both of them away. Almas’s mother and aunts stood clinging to the leaves of a coconut tree, calling out to her. A wave uprooted the tree, and they too were washed away.

9.      How was Almas saved in the Tsunami?

Answer- When Almas’s other family members were washed away, Almas saw a log of wood floating. She climbed on to it. Then she fainted. When she woke up, she was in a hospital in Kamorta. From there she was brought to Port Blair. The little girl does not want to talk about the incident with anyone. She is still traumatised.

10.  Who is Tilly Smith? Tell us about her family. Where did they go to spend their holidays?

Ans- Tilly Smith was a ten-year-old schoolgirl from South-East England.

. Tilly’s parents were Penny and Colin Smith. She had a sister of seven years old.

The whole Smith family had been to Thailand .They were celebrating Christmas at a beach resort in southern Thailand.

11.  How did the Geography lesson of Tilly Smith help her to understand the impending Tsunami?

Ans- When Tilly saw the sea to slowly rise, and start to foam, bubble and form whirlpools, her mind reminded a geography lesson she had taken in England just two weeks before she flew out to Thailand with her family. She remembered that she had seen this in class in a video of a tsunami that had hit the Hawaiian Islands in 1946. Her geography teacher had shown her class the video, and told them that tsunamis can be caused by earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides.

12.  How did Tilly react when she realized that a Tsunami was about to rush upon them? How was the reaction of her Mother?

Answer- When Tilly realized that the strange behaviour of the sea was because of an impending Tsunami, Tilly started to scream at her family to get off the beach. She talked about an earthquake under the sea. She got more and more hysterical. Her mother Penny said that she didn’t know what a tsunami was. But seeing her daughter so frightened, she thought something serious must be going on. And they left the sea beach immediately.

13.  What happened after Tilly and her family left the sea beach?

Ans- After the hysterical behavior of their daughter, Tilly’s parents took her and her sister away from the beach, to the swimming pool at the hotel. A number of other tourists also left the beach with them. Then it was as if the entire sea had come out after them. Then they ran for safer place.

The family took refuge in the third floor of the hotel. The building withstood the surge of three tsunami waves. If they had stayed on the beach, they would not have been alive.

14.  Do animals have sixth sense?

Ans- Whether animals are having sixth sense is a debated matter. However the incidents during Tsunami hints at that the animals have sixth sense. The giant tsunami waves that rolled through the Indian Ocean killed more than 150,000 people in a dozen countries; but not many animals have been reported dead. Many people believe that animals possess a sixth sense and know when the earth is going to shake. Some experts believe that animals’ more acute hearing helps them to hear or feel the earth’s vibration. They can sense an approaching disaster long before humans realise what’s going on.

15.   How was the Srilankan gentleman saved by his two dogs?

Answer- The story of the Srilankan gentleman shows that his dogs perhaps for their sixth sense saved his life. The Srilankan gentlemanliving on the coast near Galle said that his two dogs would not go for their daily run on the beach. They are usually excited to go on this outing. But on that day they refused to go, and most probably saved his life.